Advancing Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
 
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Adding It Up: Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and Financing

Increased and sustained investment in sexual and reproductive health services – in the United States and in developing countries – promises tremendous benefits to women, families and societies. In addition to improving overall health, sexual and reproductive health services contribute to economic growth, societal and gender equity, and democratic governance.

The Guttmacher Institute seeks to provide policymakers with a fuller account of these broad benefits and with more complete information about the direct economic costs and benefits associated with provision of such services. In addition, we examine the scope and reach of services and recommend ways to overcome barriers to introducing new services, such as emergency contraception or the HPV vaccine.

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Adding it Up: Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and Financing resources

Fact sheets

Facts on Publicly Funded Contraceptive Services in the United States  [PDF version] February 2009

Contraception Counts: Ranking State Efforts February 2006

Adding It Up: Examples of the Medical Benefits of Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health [PDF] August 2004

Adding It Up: Examples of the Non-Medical Benefits of Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health [PDF] August 2004

"State Policies in Brief"

Insurance Coverage of Contraceptives [PDF] November 2009

Refusing to Provide Health Services [PDF] November 2009

Restricting Insurance Coverage of Abortions [PDF] November 2009

State Family Planning Funding Restrictions [PDF] November 2009

State Funding of Abortion Under Medicaid [PDF] November 2009

State Medicaid Family Planning Eligibility Expansions [PDF] November 2009

Highlighted policy articles

Family Planning Centers Meet Health Care Reform: Lessons from Massachusetts  [PDF version] August 2009
Rachel Benson Gold
Guttmacher Policy Review

Family Planning and Health Care Reform: The Benefits and Challenges of Prioritizing Prevention  [PDF version] March 2009
Rachel Benson Gold
Guttmacher Policy Review

Making the Case for a 'Contraceptive Convenience' Agenda  [PDF version] October 2008
Sneha Barot
Guttmacher Policy Review

U.S. Global HIV Prevention Policy: Still Time to Get It Right  [PDF version] October 2008
Susan A. Cohen
Guttmacher Policy Review

Breaking New Ground: Ingenuity and Innovation In Medicaid Family Planning Expansions  [PDF version] May 2008
Rachel Benson Gold
Guttmacher Policy Review

Provider Refusal and Access to Reproductive Health Services: Approaching a New Balance  [PDF version] May 2008
Adam Sonfield
Guttmacher Policy Review

Hiding in Plain Sight: The Role of Contraception in Preventing HIV  [PDF version] February 2008
Susan A. Cohen
Guttmacher Policy Review

Medicaid's Role in Family Planning [PDF] October 2007
Rachel Benson Gold, Cory L. Richards, Usha R. Ranji and Alina Salganicoff
Issues in Brief

A Long and Winding Road: Getting the HPV Vaccine to Women in the Developing World  [PDF version] August 2007
Susan A. Cohen
Guttmacher Policy Review

Challenges and Opportunities for U.S. Family Planning Clinics in Providing the HPV Vaccine  [PDF version] August 2007
Rachel Benson Gold
Guttmacher Policy Review

Stronger Together: Medicaid, Title X Bring Different Strengths to Family Planning Effort   [PDF version] May 2007
Rachel Benson Gold
Guttmacher Policy Review

Lessons for Family Planning Providers from Transitions In Maternal and Child Health Funding  [PDF version] March 2007
Rachel Benson Gold
Guttmacher Policy Review

The Impact of Anti-Immigrant Policy on Publicly Subsidized Reproductive Health Care  [PDF version] March 2007
Adam Sonfield
Guttmacher Policy Review

Summer Price Spike: A Case Study About Publicly Funded Clinics and the Cost of Contraceptive Supplies  [PDF version] October 2006
Adam Sonfield
Guttmacher Policy Review

One Million New Women in Need of Publicly Funded Contraception August 2006
Adam Sonfield
Guttmacher Policy Review

Rekindling Efforts to Prevent Unplanned Pregnancy: A Matter of 'Equity and Common Sense'  [PDF version] August 2006
Rachel Benson Gold
Guttmacher Policy Review

GAO Report: Global AIDS Law's 'Abstinence-Until-Marriage' Earmark Shortchanges Other Key Prevention Strategies June 2006
Susan A. Cohen
Guttmacher Policy Review

New Federal Authority to Impose Medicaid Family Planning Cuts: A Deal States Should Refuse  [PDF version] June 2006
Rachel Benson Gold
Guttmacher Policy Review

The Global Contraceptive Shortfall: U.S. Contributions and U.S. Hindrances  [PDF version] June 2006
Susan A. Cohen
Guttmacher Policy Review

The Role of Reproductive Health Providers in Preventing HIV  [PDF version] November 2004
Heather Boonstra
Issues in Brief

Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Men Worldwide  [PDF version] March 2004
Adam Sonfield
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

The Broad Benefits of Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health  [PDF version] March 2004
Susan A. Cohen
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

Preventing Unintended Pregnancy: The Need And the Means  [PDF version] December 2003
Adam Sonfield
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

Medicaid Family Planning Expansions Hit Stride  [PDF version] October 2003
Rachel Benson Gold
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

Immigrants and Medicaid After Welfare Reform  [PDF version] May 2003
Rachel Benson Gold
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

New Medical Records Privacy Rule: The Interface with Teen Access to Confidential Care  [PDF version] March 2003
Cynthia Dailard
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

Nowhere But Up: Rising Costs for Title X Clinics  [PDF version] December 2002
Rachel Benson Gold
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

Flexible But Comprehensive: Developing Country HIV Prevention Efforts Show Promise  [PDF version] October 2002
Susan A. Cohen
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

New Medicaid Initiative, State Budget Woes Collide  [PDF version] October 2002
Rachel Benson Gold
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

Federal Law Urged As Culmination of Contraceptive Insurance Coverage Campaign  [PDF version] October 2001
Susan A. Cohen
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

Challenges Facing Family Planning Clinics And Title X  [PDF version] April 2001
Cynthia Dailard
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

Title X: Three Decades of Accomplishment  [PDF version] February 2001
Rachel Benson Gold
The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy

"In Brief"

Benefits of Meeting the Contraceptive Needs of Ugandan Women [PDF] November 2009

Meeting Women's Contraceptive Needs in the Philippines [PDF] April 2009

Contraception: An Investment in Lives, Health and Development [PDF] December 2008

Medicaid's Role in Family Planning [PDF] October 2007
Rachel Benson Gold, Cory L. Richards, Usha R. Ranji and Alina Salganicoff

The Role of Reproductive Health Providers in Preventing HIV  [PDF version] November 2004
Heather Boonstra

Improving Reproductive Health in the Philippines [PDF] May 2003

Highlighted research articles

Provision of Contraceptive and Related Services By Publicly Funded Family Planning Clinics, 2003  [PDF version]
Laura Duberstein Lindberg, Jennifer J. Frost, Caroline Sten and Cynthia Dailard
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Volume 38 , Issue 3, September 2006

Adolescents' Use of Maternal and Child Health Services in Developing Countries  [PDF version]
Heidi W. Reynolds, Emelita L. Wong and Heidi Tucker
International Family Planning Perspectives Volume 32 , Issue 1, March 2006

The Provision and Funding of Contraceptive Services at Publicly Funded Family Planning Agencies: 1995-2003  [PDF version]
Laura Duberstein Lindberg, Jennifer J. Frost, Caroline Sten and Cynthia Dailard
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Volume 38 , Issue 1, March 2006

Confidential Reproductive Health Services for Minors: The Potential Impact of Mandated Parental Involvement for Contraception  [PDF version]
Rachel K. Jones and Heather Boonstra
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Volume 36 , Issue 5, September/October 2004

The Availability and Use of Publicly Funded Family Planning Clinics: U.S. Trends, 1994-2001  [PDF version]
Jennifer J. Frost, Lori Frohwirth and Alison Purcell
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Volume 36 , Issue 5, September/October 2004

U.S. Insurance Coverage of Contraceptives and the Impact Of Contraceptive Coverage Mandates, 2002  [PDF version]
Adam Sonfield, Rachel Benson Gold, Jennifer J. Frost
and Jacqueline E. Darroch
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Volume 36 , Issue 2, March/April 2004

Services for Men at Publicly Funded Family Planning Agencies, 1998-1999  [PDF version]
Lawrence B. Finer, Jacqueline E. Darroch and Jennifer J. Frost
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Volume 35 , Issue 5, September/October 2003

U.S. Agencies Providing Publicly Funded Contraceptive Services in 1999  [PDF version]
Lawrence B. Finer, Jacqueline E. Darroch and Jennifer J. Frost
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Volume 34 , Issue 1, January/February 2002

Public or Private Providers? U.S. Women's Use Of Reproductive Health Services  [PDF version]
Jennifer J. Frost
Family Planning Perspectives Volume 33 , Issue 1, January/February 2001

Family Planning Clinic Services in the United States: Patterns and Trends in the Late 1990s  [PDF version]
Jennifer J. Frost, Nalini Ranjit, Kathleen Manzella, Jacqueline E. Darroch and Suzette Audam
Family Planning Perspectives Volume 33 , Issue 3, May/June 2001

Reproductive Health Services for Adolescents Under the State Children's Health Insurance Program  [PDF version]
Rachel Benson Gold and Adam Sonfield
Family Planning Perspectives Volume 33 , Issue 2, March/April 2001

Reports

Next Steps for America's Family Planning Program: Leveraging the Potential of Medicaid and Title X in an Evolving Health Care System [PDF] February 2009
Rachel Benson Gold, Adam Sonfield, Cory L. Richards and Jennifer J. Frost

State Government Innovation in the Design and Implementation of Medicaid Family Planning Expansions [PDF] March 2008
Adam Sonfield, Casey Alrich and Rachel Benson Gold

Public Funding for Family Planning, Sterilization and Abortion Services, FY 1980-2006 [PDF] January 2008
Adam Sonfield, Casey Alrich and Rachel Benson Gold

Estimating the Impact of Serving New Clients by Expanding Funding for Title X [PDF] November 2006
Jennifer J. Frost, Adam Sonfield, Rachel Benson Gold and Fatima H. Ahmed

Estimating the Impact of Expanding Medicaid Eligibility for Family Planning Services [PDF] August 2006
Jennifer J. Frost, Adam Sonfield and Rachel Benson Gold

Abortion and Postabortion Care in Guatemala: A Report from Health Care Professionals and Health Facilities [PDF] December 2005
Elena Prada, Edgar Kestler, Caroline Sten, Lindsay Dauphinee, and Lilian Ramírez

Abortion and Postabortion Care in Uganda: A Report from Health Care Professionals and Health Facilities [PDF] May 2005
Elena Prada, Florence Mirembe, Fatima H. Ahmed, Rose Nalwadda and Charles Kiggundu

Assessing Costs and Benefits of Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions [PDF] December 2004
Michael Vlassoff, Susheela Singh, Jacqueline E. Darroch, Erin Carbone and Stan Bernstein

Adding It Up: The Benefits of Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health Care [PDF] January 2004

In Their Own Right: Addressing the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Men Worldwide [PDF] March 2003

In Their Own Right: Addressing the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of American Men [PDF] January 2002

Medicaid Support for Family Planning in the Managed Care Era [PDF] January 2001
Rachel Benson Gold, Cory L. Richards

Statistics

Public Funding for Contraceptive, Sterilization and Abortion Services, FY 1980-2006 January 2008

Slide shows

Adding It Up: The Benefits of Investing In Sexual and Reproductive Health Care June 2004

Fulfilling the Promise: Public Policy and U.S. Family Planning Clinics January 2001

Memos and statements

Statement by Sharon Camp, Ph.D. on "Adding It Up: The Benefits of Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health Care [PDF] February 2004
Sharon Camp, Ph.D.

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Highlights

The national family planning program provides contraception and basic, preventive health care to millions of disadvantaged U.S. women. According to a Guttmacher report published in February 2009, Next Steps for America’s Family Planning Program: Leveraging the Potential of Medicaid and Title X in an Evolving Health Care System, publicly funded family planning helps prevent 1.94 million unintended pregnancies each year, thereby averting 860,000 unintended births and 810,000 abortions.

In addition to helping women avoid the pregnancies they do not want and plan the pregnancies they do, publicly funded family planning services are highly cost-effective. More than nine in 10 women receiving them would be eligible for Medicaid-funded prenatal, delivery and postpartum care services if they became pregnant. Avoiding the significant costs associated with these unintended births saves taxpayers $4 for every $1 invested in family planning.

 
Provider with patient
Investing in sexual and reproductive
health pays off