1. United Nations (UN), The World's Women 2000: Trends and Statistics, New York: UN, 2000, p. 1.
2. Bongaarts J and Cohen B, Adolescent reproductive behavior in the developing world: introduction and overview, Studies in Family Planning, 1998, 29(2):99-105.
3. UN, 2000, op. cit. (see reference 1).
4. Senanayake P, Adolescent fertility, in: Wallace HM and Giri K, eds., Health Care of Women and Children in Developing Countries, Oakland,CA, USA: Third Party Publishing, 1990, pp. 470-475; and Winter JSD, Nutrition and the neuroendocrinology of puberty, in: Winick M, ed., Adolescent Nutrition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1982.
5. McCauley AP and Salter C, Meeting the needs of young people, Population Reports, 1995, Series J, No. 41.
6. UN, 2000, op. cit. (see reference 1).
7. Pachauri S, Reproductive health: the concept, ideology and operational issues, in: Sengupta J and Ghosh D, eds., Perspectives in Reproductive Health, New Delhi: New Age Publishers, 1996, pp. 47-60.
8. Ibid.
9. National Statistics Office (NSO), Philippines, Department of Health, Philippines, and Macro International, Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey, 1998, Manila: NSO and Macro International, 1999, p. 75; National Committee for Population and Family Planning (NCPFP), Vietnam, Population and Family Health Project and Macro International, Viet Nam Demographic and Health Survey, 1997, Hanoi: NCPFP, 1999, p. 65; Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Indonesia et al., Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, 1997, Calverton, MD, USA: CBS and Macro International, 1998, p. 113; and Institute of Population Studies (IPS), Thailand, and Institute for Resource Development/Westinghouse (IRD), Thailand Demographic and Health Survey, 1987, Bangkok: IPS, 1988, p. 26.
10. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), India, and Macro International, National Family Health Survey 2-India, Mumbai: IIPS, 2000, p. 20; Pradhan A et al., Nepal Family Health Survey, 1996, Calverton, MD, USA: Macro International, 1997, p. 80; and National Institute of Population Research and Training, Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates and Macro International, Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 1996- 1997, Calverton, MD, USA: Macro International, 1997, p. 82.
11. National Institute of Population Research and Training, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10).
12. International Institute for Population Sciences, 2000, op. cit. (see reference 10); and Pradhan A et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10).
13. National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
14. Central Bureau of Statistics et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 9); and NCPFP, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
15. National Institute of Population Research and Training, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10).
16. Population Council, Ministry of Population Welfare, Pakistan, and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1994-1995 Final Report, Islamabad, Pakistan: Population Council, 1998, p. 70.
17. The Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI), Into a New World: Young Women's Sexual and Reproductive Lives, New York: AGI, 1998.
18. UNFPA, India country paper, prepared for UNFPA South Asia Conference on the Adolescent, New Delhi, July 21-23, 1998.
19. Duc PG and Thuy TT, Reproductive knowledge, attitudes and practices among adolescent students in Ho Chi Minh City, paper presented at seminar on Youth Reproductive Health, Hanoi, Vietnam, Dec. 16, 1997.
20. Mensch BS, Anh DN and Clark WH, Adolescents and Social Change in Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam: Population Council and Institute of Sociology, 2000, p. 34.
21. AGI, 1998, op. cit. (see reference 17).
22. UNFPA, Socioeconomic, demographic and reproductive health profiles of adolescents in SAARC countries, prepared for UNFPA South Asia Conference on the Adolescent, New Delhi, India, July 21-23, 1998; AGI, 1998, op. cit. (see reference 17); Population Council, 1998, op. cit. (see reference 16); and NCPFP, Vietnam and Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Promotion of Family Health in Five Provinces of Viet Nam. Reproductive Health Survey 1995, Hanoi, Vietnam: NCPFP and GTZ, 1995, pp. 34.
23. Hakim A, Cleland J and Bhatti MH, Pakistan Fertility and Family Planning Survey 1996-97, Preliminary Report, Islamabad, Pakistan: National Institute of Population Studies and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1998, p. 39; Pradhan A et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); and International Institute for Population Sciences, 2000, op. cit. (see reference 10).
24. National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9); Institute of Population Studies, 1988, op. cit. (see reference 9); and Central Bureau of Statistics et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 9).
25. Hakim A, Cleland J and Bhatti MH, 1998, op. cit. (see reference 23).
26. National Institute of Population Research and Training, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9); and Central Bureau of Statistics et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 9).
27. International Institute for Population Sciences, 2000, op. cit. (see reference 10).
28. Hakim A, Cleland J and Bhatti MH, 1998, op. cit. (see reference 23); and NCPFP, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
29. McCauley AP and Salter C, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 5).
30. Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka, Ministry of Plan Implementation, Sri Lanka, and IRD, Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey, 1987, Columbia, MD, USA: IRD, 1988, p. 63.
31. International Institute for Population Sciences, 2000, op. cit. (see reference 10); Department of Census and Statistics, 1988, op. cit. (see reference 30); Pradhan A et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); National Institute of Population Research and Training, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); and Institute of Population Studies, 1988, op. cit. (see reference 9).
32. Hakim A, Cleland J and Bhatti MH, 1998, op. cit. (see reference 23); and Central Bureau of Statistics et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 9).
33. Department of Census and Statistics, 1988, op. cit. (see reference 30); and National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
34. National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9); Department of Census and Statistics, 1988, op. cit. (see reference 30); National Institute of Population Research and Training, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); and Institute of Population Studies, 1988, op. cit. (see reference 9).
35. Pradhan A et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); Hakim A, Cleland J and Bhatti MH, 1998, op. cit. (see reference 23); Central Bureau of Statistics et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 9); and NCPFP, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
36. International Institute for Population Sciences, 2000, op. cit. (see reference 10).
37. McCauley AP and Salter C, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 5); and Stewart L and Eckert E, Indicators for Reproductive Health Program Evaluation: Final Report of the Subcommittee on Adolescent Reproductive Health Services, Chapel Hill, NC, USA: Carolina Population Center, 1995.
38. Blanc AK and Way AA, Sexual behavior and contraceptive knowledge and use among adolescents in developing countries, Studies in Family Planning, 1998, 29(2):106-116.
39. Mishra VK et al., Reasons for Discontinuing and Not Intending to Use Contraception in India, National Family Health Survey Subject Reports, Mumbai: IIPS, 1999, pp. 17-19, No. 13.
40. Steele F and Diamond I, Contraceptive switching in Bangladesh, Studies in Family Planning, 1999, 30(4):315-328.
41. Blanc AK and Way AA, 1998, op. cit. (see reference 38).
42.Central Bureau of Statistics et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 9); Department of Census and Statistics, 1988, op. cit. (see reference 30); Institute of Population Studies, 1988, op. cit. (see reference 9); and National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
43. National Institute of Population Research and Training, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); and Pradhan A et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10).
44. Central Bureau of Statistics et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 9); NCPFP, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9); and National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
45. Pradhan A et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10).
46. International Institute for Population Sciences, 2000, op. cit. (see reference 10); and Hakim A, Cleland J and Bhatti MH, 1998, op. cit. (see reference 23).
47. National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9); and Central Bureau of Statistics et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 9).
48. National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
49. Huntington D, Lettenmaier C and Obeng-Quaidoo I, User's perspective of counselling training in Ghana: the mystery client trial, Studies in Family Planning, 1990, 21(3):171-77; Ibrahim SE, State, women, and civil society: an evaluation of Egypt's population policy, in: Obermeyer CM, ed., Family, Gender, and Population in the Middle East: Policies in Context, Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1995; Rajaretnam T and Deshpande RV, Factors inhibiting the use of reversible contraceptive methods in rural South India, Studies in Family Planning,1994, 25(2):111-21
50. National Institute of Population Research and Training, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); and NCPFP, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9); and Pradhan A et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10).
51. National Institute of Population Research and Training, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); National Statistics Office, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9); and NCPFP, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
52. Pradhan A et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 10); and NCPFP, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 9).
53. Jejeebhoy SJ, Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Behavior: A Review of the Evidence from India, Working Paper, Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women, 1996, No. 3, pp. 1-2.
54. UNFPA, Adolescent health and development: issues and strategies, Bangladesh, paper prepared for UNFPA South Asia Conference on the Adolescent, New Delhi, July 21-23, 1998.
55. Barkat A et al., Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Bangladesh: A Needs Assessment, Dhaka, Bangladesh: Family Planning Association of Bangladesh, 2000, pp. 33-34.
56. Tamang A and Nepal B, Providing adolescent health services: the Nepalese experience, paper presented at the International Conference on Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Mar. 15-19, 1998.
57. Nhan VQ et al., Reproductive Behavior of Unmarried Urban Students of Age 17-24 in Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam: NCPFP and Center for Population Studies and Information, 1996, pp. 37.
58. Moran J, Data Sheets on Sexual Behavior in the General Population, Jakarta, Indonesia: Ministry of Health HIV/AIDS Prevention Project, 1997.
59. Jejeebhoy SJ, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 53).
60. UNFPA, Sri Lanka country paper, prepared for UNFPA South Asia Conference on the Adolescent, New Delhi, July 21-23, 1998.
61. Mensch BS, Anh DN and Clark WH, 2000, op. cit. (see reference 20).
62. Nhan VQ et al., 1996, op. cit. (see reference 57).
63. Belanger D and Hong KT, Young single women using abortion in Hanoi, Viet Nam, Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 1998, 13(2):3-26.
64. UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Program of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Sexual behavior of young people: data from recent studies, Progress in Human Reproduction Research, 1997, 41:2-7.
65. Bruce J and Haberland N, personal communication, Population Council, New York, Aug. 22, 1997.