Family Planning Perspectives
Volume 27, Number 4, December 2001

 

Why Are Condoms Used, and How Many Are Needed? Estimates from Orissa, India
TABLES

 
Table 1. Percentage distribution of respondents, by selected characteristics, according to marital status, four districts of Orissa, 1998
Characteristic Total Married men Single men
(N=2,087) (N=958) (N=1,129)
Residence
Urban 50.0 40.7 57.9
Rural 50.0 59.3 42.1
District
Balasore 25.1 25.7 24.6
Cuttack 25.2 19.4 30.1
Ganjam 24.9 29.3 21.1
Puri 24.8 25.6 24.2
Education
None 11.2 19.9 3.8
Primary/
nonformal 17.3 26.9 9.2
Secondary 34.7 36.1 33.5
Higher 36.8 17.0 53.5
Caste
Upper 25.6 21.8 28.9
Scheduled 21.9 26.2 18.3
Other backward 49.5 48.5 50.4
Scheduled tribe 1.4 1.9 1.1
None (Muslim) 1.4 1.6 1.3
Age-group
18-19 12.4 0.1 22.9
20-24 30.1 7.2 49.5
25-29 26.5 31.3 22.5
30-35 31.0 61.4 5.1
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

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Table 2. Percentage distribution of married current contraceptive users, by method, according to reason for using
Method All Spacing* Limiting†
(N=490) (N=132) (N=358)
Condom 6.2 9.3 5.0
Pill 20.3 27.3 17.6
IUD 2.6 1.5 2.8
Female sterilization 39.7 2.3 53.4
Male sterilization 0.4 0.0 0.6
Injectable 0.5 0.0 0.8
Withdrawal 8.9 21.2 4.2
Abstinence 9.7 15.2 7.5
Rhythm 10.2 18.2 7.3
Other 1.6 5.1 0.8
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
*Based on current users who want more children or are undecided. †Based on current users who want no more children.

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Table 3. Measures of average condom use and the need for condoms within marriage, and components of those measures, by men's reason for using and age
Measure Spacing Limiting
All 20-24 25-29 30-35 All 20-24 25-29 30-35
(N=1,032) (N=70) (N=330) (N=632) (N=1,032) (N=70) (N=330) (N=632)
Condom use per average man
% who want more children* 50.3 91.5 67.2 36.8 na na na na
% who want no more children na na na na 49.7 8.5 32.8 63.2
% of couples using condoms 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.5 3.5† 3.5 3.5
Monthly coital frequency 9.1 12.5 9.8 7.6 6.3 9.3† 7.5 6.0
Annual avg. no. of condoms used per man 1.3 3.1 1.8 0.8 1.3 0.3† 1.0 1.6
Need per average man
% who want more children* 50.3 91.5 67.2 36.8 na na na na
% who want no more children na na na na 49.7 8.5 32.8 63.2
% whose wives are not pregnant 87.3 72.3 87.9 90.9 87.4 57.1† 76.5 90.8
% whose wives did not give birth in last year 76.0 74.5 76.9 75.5 79.5 64.1† 60.8 83.9
% wanting to wait >=2 years‡ 32.2 34.5 32.1 31.9 na na na na
% in need for contraception§ 10.7 17.0† 14.6 8.1 34.5 3.1† 15.3 48.1
Condom as % of all methods 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Monthly coital frequency‡ 10.4 17.4 11.6 7.8 7.0 9.5† 8.4 6.7
Total condoms needed** 1.2 3.3† 1.9 0.7 1.4 0.2† 0.8 1.9
Unmet need per average man
% with need unmet 38.2 45.5† 45.8 29.4 19.3 66.7† 26.0 17.8
Annual unmet need for condoms per man 0.5 1.5† 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.1† 0.2 0.3
*Includes men who are undecided. †Estimate is based on fewer than 25 respondents. ‡Based on men with nonpregnant wives and no children younger than one year. §A man is defined as needing contraception for spacing if he wants more children, his wife is not currently pregnant, he has no children younger than one (a proxy for wife's fecundity status) and he wants to wait for at least two years before having the next child. A man is defined as needing contraception for limiting if he wants no more children, his wife is not currently pregnant and he has no children younger than one. **Calculated as the product of the proportion in need, the proportion of current users of modern methods who use condoms and the monthly coital frequency times 12. Note: na=not applicable.

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Table 4. Measures of average condom use and the need for condoms outside marriage, and components of those measures, by men's marital status, according to age
Measure All 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-35
Single (N=1,055) (N=248) (N=530) (N=227) (N=50)
% who reported having sex in last year 9.2 7.7 10.9 7.9 4.0
Annual avg. no. of sexual encounters 12.0 11.2 11.9 13.7 9.1
% of last encounters in which a condom was used 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6
Annual avg. no. of condoms used per man 0.21 0.16 0.24 0.20 0.07
Potential no. of condoms needed annually per man 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.4
Annual unmet need for condoms per man 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.3
Married (N=1,032) na (N=70) (N=330) (N=632)
% who reported having extramarital sex in last year 4.5 na 11.4 5.5 3.3
Annual avg. no. of sexual encounters 6.9 na 2.7 11.2 4.9
% of last encounters in which a condom was used 6.5 na 6.5 6.5 6.5
Annual avg. no. of condoms used per man 0.02 na 0.02 0.04 0.01
Potential no. of condoms needed annually per man 0.3 na 0.3 0.6 0.2
Annual unmet need for condoms per man 0.3 na 0.3 0.6 0.2
Note: na=not applicable.

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Table 5. Measures of condom use, need and unmet need, by men's marital status and reason for using
Measure Married Single Total
Spacing Limiting Extra-marital sex    
Current use
Condoms per year (000s) 1,230 1,278 21 276 2,804
% of use 43.9 45.6 0.7 9.8 100.0
Unmet need, assuming current method mix*
Condoms per year (000s) 521 266 298 1,206 2,291
% of unmet need 22.7 11.6 13.0 52.6 100.0
Unmet need, assuming modern method mix†
Condoms per year (000s) 2,324 551 298 1,206 4,379
% of unmet need 53.1 12.6 6.8 27.5 100.0
Unmet need, assuming condoms only‡
Condoms per year (000s) 26,178 32,187 298 1,206 59,870
% of unmet need 43.7 53.8 0.5 2.0 100.0
*Estimated by assuming that all men with a partner at risk of a mistimed or unwanted birth who are using no contraceptive method will adopt the current method mix. †Estimated by assuming that all men with a partner at risk of a mistimed or unwanted birth who are using no modern method adopt the current mix of modern methods. ‡Estimated by assuming that condoms are used for all sex acts within marriage unless the couple wants to conceive.

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© copyright 2001, The Alan Guttmacher Institute.