Volume 32, Number 6, November/December 2000

TABLES

Table 1. Percentage distribution of recent mothers, by selected characteristics, according to birth weight of infant, Missouri, 1989-1991 (N=2,378)
Characteristic Very low Moderately low Normal
N % N % N %
Age
<20 205 26.3 185 23.2 193 24.1
20-24 211 27.1 229 28.7 221 27.6
25-30 206 26.4 250 31.3 227 28.4
>30 157 20.2 135 16.9 159 19.9
Race
Black 308 39.5 307 38.4 320 40.0
Other 492 61.6 480 60.0 471 60.5
Education (in years)
<12 272 34.9 264 33.0 232 29.0
>=12 507 65.1 535 67.0 568 71.0
Enrolled in Medicaid
Yes 317 40.7 394 49.3 369 46.1
No 462 59.3 405 50.7 431 53.9
Marital status
Married 364 46.7 390 48.8 446 55.8
Unmarried 415 53.3 409 51.2 354 44.3
Health during pregnancy
Excellent/good/fair 690 88.6 761 95.2 785 98.1
Poor 89 11.4 38 4.7 15 1.9
Adequacy of prenatal care
Inadequate 297 38.1 302 37.8 308 38.5
Adequate 482 61.9 497 62.2 492 61.5
Prior live birth
0 376 48.3 350 43.8 309 38.6
>=1 403 51.7 449 56.2 491 61.4
Smoked during pregnancy
Yes 252 32.9 335 42.2 218 27.4
No 527 67.1 464 57.8 582 72.6
Type of survey
In-hospital 320 41.1 318 39.8 339 42.4
Mailed 459 58.9 481 60.2 461 57.6
Total 779 100.0 799 100.0 800 100.0
Note: Percentages may not add to 100.0% due to rounding.

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Table 2. Among recent mothers, percentage who almost always felt stress, percentage reporting selected measures of pregnancy attitudes and intentions, and percentage who experienced selected major life events, all by birth weight of recent infant
Measure Very low Moderately low Normal
(N=779) (N=799) (N=800)
Almost always felt stress 25.0 21.2 16.1
Pregnancy attitude/intention
Unhappy 18.6 17.3 13.3
Unsure 9.2 7.6 6.6
Pregnancy denial 15.9 12.1 9.9
Unintended pregnancy 57.9 59.3 61.9
Mistimed pregnancy 41.9 41.1 46.9
Unwanted pregnancy 16.1 18.3 15.0
Major life events
Got back with husband/partner 10.3 12.6 7.3
Had problems with parents/in-laws 24.0 21.1 18.7
Husband/partner changed jobs 9.8 13.1 9.8
Was arrested 1.7 2.9 1.6
Took out mortgage/loan 3.5 5.9 6.7
Suffered major injury/illness 7.0 6.1 3.4
Was in physical fight 8.6 6.7 5.0
Close family member died 10.2 13.1 13.6

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Table 3. Unadjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of selected birth-weight comparisons, by effects of stress, major life events and pregnancy attitudes and intentions
Factor Very low vs. normal Moderately low vs. normal Very low vs. moderately low
Stress
Almost always felt stress 1.74* (1.36, 2.23) 1.40* (1.08, 1.80) 1.25 (0.98, 1.57)
Major life events†
Got back with husband/partner 1.35 (0.96, 1.90) 1.75* (1.26, 2.81) 0.77 (0.57, 1.05)
Had problems with parents/in-laws 1.33* (1.05, 1.70) 1.16 (0.91, 1.48) 1.15 (0.91, 1.46)
Husband/partner changed jobs 0.82 (0.60, 1.12) 1.17 (0.87, 1.57) 0.70* (0.52, 0.95)
Was arrested 0.82 (0.42, 1.59) 1.52 (0.86, 2.70) 0.54* (0.29, 0.99)
Took out mortgage/loan 0.49* (0.32, 0.78) 0.89 (0.62, 1.37) 0.55* (0.35, 0.89)
Suffered major injury/accident/illness 1.78* (1.15, 2.75) 1.67* (1.07, 2.55) 1.07 (0.73, 1.57)
Was in physical fight 1.58* (1.08, 2.32) 1.30 (0.88, 1.93) 1.22 (0.85, 1.74)
Close family member died 0.70* (0.52, 0.95) 0.96 (0.73, 1.27) 0.73* (0.54, 0.99)
Pregnancy attitude/intention
Unhappy about pregnancy 1.50* (1.14, 1.97) 1.37* (1.04, 1.80) 1.10 (0.85, 1.42)
Unsure wanted to be pregnant 1.44 (0.99, 2.08) 1.17 (0.80, 1.71) 1.23 (0.86, 1.76)
Pregnancy denial 1.73* (1.28, 2.34) 1.26 (0.92, 1.73) 1.37* (1.03, 1.82)
Unintended pregnancy 0.85 (0.69, 1.04) 0.90 (0.74, 1.10) 0.94 (0.77, 1.15)
Mistimed pregnancy 0.82 (0.67, 1.00) 0.79* (0.65, 0.96) 1.03 (0.85, 1.26)
Unwanted pregnancy 1.08 (0.83, 1.42) 1.27 (0.97, 1.65) 0.86 (0.66, 1.11)
*Statistically significant at p<.05. †Only major life events with statistically significant odds ratios are included in this table.

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Table 4. Adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of selected birth-weight comparisons, by effects of stress, major life events and pregnancy attitudes and intentions
Factor Very low vs. normal Moderately low vs. normal Very low vs. moderately low
Stress
Almost always felt stress 1.57* (1.21, 2.05) 1.26 (0.97, 1.64) 1.21 (0.94, 1.55)
Major life events†
Got back with husband/partner 1.37 (0.94, 1.99) 1.69* (1.19, 2.41) 0.82 (0.59, 1.14)
Took out mortgage/loan 0.54* (0.33, 0.88) 0.94 (0.62, 1.44) 0.60* (0.36, 0.98)
Suffered major injury/accident/illness 1.70* (1.02, 2.81) 1.71* (1.04, 2.80) 0.99 (0.65, 1.51)
Was in physical fight 1.63* (1.06, 2.50) 1.19 (0.77, 1.85) 1.35 (0.91, 2.00)
Close family member died 0.69* (0.50, 0.96) 0.88 (0.65, 1.18) 0.75 (0.56, 1.07)
Pregnancy attitude/intention
Unhappy about pregnancy 1.39* (1.03, 1.89) 1.21 (0.97, 1.73) 1.08 (0.82, 1.43)
Pregnancy denial 1.67* (1.20, 2.32) 1.70 (0.86, 1.67) 1.41* (1.04, 1.91)
Mistimed pregnancy 0.79* (0.63, 0.96) 0.75* (0.61, 0.93) 0.85 (0.85, 1.29)
*Statistically significant at p<.05. Notes: All analyses are adjusted for education, Medicaid status, marital status, health during pregnancy, inadequate prenatal care, no previous live birth, smoking and type of survey. Only variables that were statistically significant in at least one birth-weight comparison are shown in this table.

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Table 5. Adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) from stepwise logistic regression analysis of factors affecting birth weight, by birth-weight comparison
Factor Very low vs. normal Moderately low vs. normal Very low vs. moderately low
Almost always felt stress 1.58 (1.21, 2.07) ns ns
Got back with husband/partner ns 1.74 (1.22, 2.46) ns
Took out mortgage/loan 0.52 (0.32, 0.86) ns 0.59 (0.36, 0.96)
Had major injury/accident/illness 1.74 (1.05, 2.90) ns ns
Close family member died 0.67 (0.49, 0.93) ns ns
Unhappy about pregnancy ns 1.33 (1.00, 1.78) ns
Pregnancy denial 1.55 (1.11, 2.15) ns 1.41 (1.04, 1.90)
Mistimed pregnancy 0.76 (0.61, 0.94) 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) ns
Poor health during pregnancy 6.14 (3.47, 10.87) 2.39 (1.29, 4.43) 2.73 (1.83, 4.01)
Medicaid 0.56 (0.44, 0.72) ns 0.61 (0.48, 0.76)
Smoked during pregnancy 1.29 (1.02, 1.62) 2.01 (1.61, 2.50) 0.66 (0.54, 0.83)
Marital status (unmarried) 1.63 (1.26, 2.09) ns 1.34 (1.06, 1.69)
No prior pregnancy 1.46 (1.18, 1.81) 1.37 (1.11, 1.69) ns
Note: Final stepwise models for each birth-weight comparison include only the variables that were statistically significant at p<.05.

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