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Family Planning Perspectives Volume 33, Number 2, March/April 2001 | |
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Risks Among Youths Who Have Multiple Sisters |
| Table 1. Mean values (and internal reliability coefficients) of outcome variables used to assess the effect of having multiple parenting teenage siblings, or percentage distributions of youths, by outcome variables, among 11-17-year-olds participating in the Adolescent Sibling Pregnancy Prevention Program, California, 1997-1998 | |
| Variable | Mean or % |
| (N=1,510) | |
| Means | |
| Sexual/childbearing attitudes (range, 1-5)† | 2.1 (.70) |
| Self-esteem (range, 1-5)† | 4.4 (.53) |
| Sexual intentions (range, 1-5)† | 2.2 (.72) |
| Childbearing intentions (range, 1-5)† | 1.7 (.82) |
| Contraceptive intentions (range, 1-5)† | 4.5 (.68) |
| Frequency of school problems (range, 0-4)‡ | 0.8 (.75) |
| Frequency of drug/alcohol use (range, 0-4)‡ | 0.6 (.82) |
| Frequency of delinquent behavior (range, 0-4)‡ | 0.5 (.66) |
| Age at first sex (range, 7-17) | 13.7 |
| No. of partners (range, 1-20)§ | 2.5 |
| Frequency of sex in last three mos. (range, 0-35)§ | 2.7 |
| Consistency of contraceptive use (range, 1-5)† | 3.9 |
| Percentage distributions | |
| Sexual status | |
| Sexually inexperienced | 80.5 |
| Sexually experienced | 17.2 |
| No response | 2.3 |
| Used contraceptive at last sex | |
| No | 15.1 |
| Yes | 67.6 |
| Sexually inexperienced/no response | 17.3 |
| Total | 100.0 |
| †Higher scores indicate more permissive attitudes, greater self-esteem, stronger intentions, higher frequency or greater consistency. ‡Frequency in the last three months, coded as 0=never, 1=once, 2=2-3 times, 3=4-10 times, 4=more than 10 times. §One outlier was omitted. Note: Figures in parentheses are alpha coefficients. | |
| Table 2. Mean values of selected background characteristics among program participants or percentage distributions of participants, according to selected characteristics | |
| Characteristic | Mean or % |
| (N=1,510) | |
| Means | |
| Age (range, 11-17) | 13.7 |
| Current grade in school† (range, 5->high school) | 8.0 |
| Teenager's mother's education (range, 4-college graduate) | 9.4 |
| Teenager's mother's age at first birth (range, 12-47) | 19.1 |
| No. of brothers (range, 0-10) | 1.8 |
| No. of sisters (range, 1-14) | 2.8 |
| Age when youngest parenting sister delivered (range, 11-19) | 15.6 |
| Percentage distributions | |
| Gender | |
| Male | 39.9 |
| Female | 60.1 |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Hispanic | 70.8 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 10.5 |
| White non-Hispanic | 9.7 |
| Other | 9.0 |
| Locale | |
| Urban | 67.5 |
| Suburban | 15.0 |
| Rural | 17.5 |
| Region of California | |
| Northern | 6.0 |
| Central Valley | 41.1 |
| San Francisco Bay Area | 5.7 |
| Los Angeles/coastal | 33.5 |
| Southern | 13.7 |
| Family's aid status | |
| Receiving | 67.3 |
| Not receiving | 9.3 |
| No response | 23.4 |
| No. of teenage parenting sisters‡ | |
| 1 | 76.3 |
| 2 | 18.5 |
| 3 | 4.1 |
| 4 | 0.7 |
| 5 | 0.3 |
| 6 | 0.0 |
| 7 | 0.1 |
| 8 | 0.1 |
| Total | 100.0 |
| †Two percent of participants had dropped out of school by the time of the intake interview. For these teenagers, we used the last grade attended in calculating the mean score. ‡Includes sisters who gave birth as teenagers and are currently in their 20s. | |
| Table 3. Mean number of teenage parenting sisters, and F values from analyses of variance, by youths' background characteristics | |
| Characteristic | Mean |
| All | 1.25 |
| Gender | |
| Male | 1.28 |
| Female | 1.33 |
| F1 | 1.56 |
| F2 | <1.00 |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Hispanic | 1.25 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 1.31 |
| White non-Hispanic | 1.13 |
| Other | 1.32 |
| F1 | <1.00 |
| F2 | 1.13 |
| Locale | |
| Urban | 1.26 |
| Suburban | 1.21 |
| Rural | 1.26 |
| F1 | <1.00 |
| F2 | 1.01 |
| Region of California | |
| Northern | 1.17 |
| Central Valley | 1.30 |
| San Francisco Bay Area | 1.22 |
| Los Angeles/coastal | 1.21 |
| Southern | 1.25 |
| F1 | 2.28 |
| F2 | <1.00 |
| Family's aid status | |
| Receives | 1.17 |
| Does not receive | 1.27 |
| F1 | 4.22* |
| F2 | <1.00 |
| Mother's education | |
| <11th grade | 1.29 |
| >=11th grade | 1.21 |
| F1 | 4.24* |
| F2 | <1.00 |
| Mother's age at first birth | |
| <=18 | 1.31 |
| >18 | 1.16 |
| F1 | 19.06*** |
| F2 | 2.81 |
| *p<.05. ***p<.001. Note: F1 shows effects with no controls; F2 shows effects when controlled for family size. | |
| Table 4. Coefficients from multiple regression analysis and odds ratios from logistic regression analysis indicating the likelihood of various outcomes for young women, by selected characteristics | ||||||||||||||
| Predictor | Coefficients | Odds ratios | ||||||||||||
| Sexual/child-bearing | Self-esteem | School problems | Drug/alcohol use | Delinquent behaviors | Sexual intentions | Child-bearing intentions | Birth control intentions | Age at first sex | No. of sexual partners | Frequency of sex | Consistency of method use | Sexual status† | Used method at last sex‡ | |
| Age | .12** | .04 | .33*** | .24*** | .14*** | .23*** | .12** | -.03 | .67*** | .10 | .23** | .13 | 2.19*** | 1.15 |
| Hispanic§ | -.08* | -.05 | .11** | .07 | .06 | -.04 | .09* | -.01 | .08 | -.15 | .05 | -.02 | 0.92 | 0.51 |
| Mother's education | .10** | .02 | .06 | .13*** | .09* | .10** | .09* | -.06 | .01 | .02 | -.10 | .20* | 1.07 | 1.16 |
| Family receives | ||||||||||||||
| aid† | -.03 | .03 | .06 | .06 | .05 | .01 | .04 | .02 | .01 | -.12 | .01 | -.05 | 2.00* | 0.81 |
| Locale†† | -.03 | .03 | .06 | -.06 | .00 | -.02 | -.03 | -.01 | .01 | .08 | -.15 | .11 | 1.10 | 1.41 |
| So. Calif.‡‡ | .04 | -.01 | -.02 | -.03 | .02 | .04 | .03 | .06 | -.03 | -.02 | -.13 | .00 | 0.99 | 0.60 |
| No. of siblings | .03 | -.08* | -.05 | -.07 | .02 | -.02 | .02 | .07 | .07 | .05 | .05 | .01 | 0.90* | 0.92 |
| No. of parenting sisters§§ | ||||||||||||||
| 1 vs. >=2 | .02 | -.02 | .06 | .16*** | .09* | .08* | .05 | .02 | .09 | -.03 | .12 | .07 | 1.93** | 1.17 |
| 1-2 vs. >=3 | .04 | -.10* | .07* | -.05 | .00 | .01 | .06 | -.04 | -.05 | -.05 | -.12 | .06 | 0.71 | 0.77 |
| F | 3.66*** | 1.70 | 14.37*** | 10.57*** | 3.45*** | 7.71*** | 3.39*** | 1.26 | 12.67*** | <1.00 | 2.33* | 1.42 | na | na |
| -2 log-likelihood | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | 652.64*** | 111.05 |
| df | 9, 850 | 9, 850 | 9, 850 | 9, 850 | 9, 850 | 9, 850 | 9, 850 | 9, 850 | 9, 144 | 9, 144 | 9, 144 | 9, 144 | 9 | 9 |
| N | 860 | 860 | 860 | 860 | 860 | 860 | 860 | 860 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 853 | 151 |
| *p<.05. **p<.01. ***p<.001. †0=sexually inexperienced; 1=sexually experienced. †0=no; 1=yes. §Reference group=non-Hispanic. ††1=rural; 2=suburban; 3=urban. ††Reference group=Northern California. §§Includes sisters who gave birth as teenagers and are currently in their 20s. Note: na=not applicable. | ||||||||||||||
| Table 5. Coefficients from multiple regression analysis and odds ratios from logistic regression analysis indicating the likelihood of various outcomes for young men, by selected characteristics | ||||||||||||||
| Predictor | Coefficients | Odds ratios | ||||||||||||
| Sexual/child-bearing | Self-esteem | School problems | Drug/alcohol use | Delinquent behaviors | Sexual intentions | Child-bearing intentions | Birth control intentions | Age at first sex | No. of sexual partners | Frequency of sex | Consistency of method use | Sexual status† | Used method at last sex‡ | |
| Age | .19*** | -.09* | .33*** | .36*** | .24*** | .29*** | .18*** | -.07 | .59*** | .13 | .08 | .04 | 2.16*** | 1.08 |
| Hispanic§ | .00 | -.00 | .07 | .09* | .03 | .00 | .05 | .07 | .30*** | -.17 | .14 | -.02 | 0.79 | 0.19 |
| Mother's education | .14** | .19*** | .02 | .04 | .02 | .07 | .03 | .04 | -.08 | .14 | .06 | .10 | 0.97 | 1.08 |
| Family receives aid‡ | .02 | -.05 | .10* | .08 | .10* | .06 | .06 | -.01 | .09 | -.07 | -.01 | -.04 | 1.45 | 0.97 |
| Locale†† | .02 | -.02 | .13** | .05 | .14** | .14** | .13** | -.03 | -.06 | .04 | -.17 | -.09 | 1.22 | 1.25 |
| So. Calif.‡‡ | .03 | .05 | -.12** | -.08 | -.15** | .02 | -.11* | .06 | -.07 | .01 | .04 | -.03 | 0.61 | 0.29 |
| No. of siblings | .04 | -.03 | -.01 | .00 | -.04 | .08 | .06 | .10* | .01 | .11 | .14 | .15 | 1.00 | 0.78* |
| No. of parenting sisters§§ | ||||||||||||||
| 1 vs. >=2 | -.04 | .02 | -.06 | .04 | -.01 | -.01 | -.02 | -.03 | -.17 | .09 | .04 | .02 | 1.07 | 0.91 |
| 1-2 vs. >=3 | -.01 | .01 | .02 | -.02 | -.02 | .03 | .01 | -.04 | -.01 | .02 | -.10 | -.06 | 2.07* | 0.66 |
| F | 3.69*** | 3.01** | 10.03*** | 10.40*** | 6.38*** | 7.82*** | 3.74*** | 1.27 | 8.60*** | <1.00 | <1.00 | <1.00 | na | na |
| -2 log-likelihood | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | 407.91*** | 67.26 |
| df | 9, 545 | 9, 545 | 9, 545 | 9, 545 | 9, 545 | 9, 545 | 9, 545 | 9, 536 | 9, 90 | 9, 90 | 9, 90 | 9, 90 | 9 | 9 |
| N | 555 | 555 | 555 | 555 | 555 | 555 | 555 | 546 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 542 | 88 |
| *p<.05. **p<.01. ***p<.001. †0=sexually inexperienced; 1=sexually experienced. ‡0=no; 1=yes. §Reference group=non-Hispanic. ††1=rural; 2=suburban; 3=urban. ‡‡Reference group=Northern California. §§Includes sisters who gave birth as teenagers and are currently in their 20s. Note: na=not applicable. | ||||||||||||||
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© copyright 2001, The Alan Guttmacher Institute. |