Family Planning Perspectives | |
Fertility Desires and Intentions of HIV-Positive Men and Women |
Table 1. Percentage distribution of HIV-positive men and women, by fertility desires and expectations | |||
Characteristic | Men | Women | p |
(N=53,177) | (N=34,833) | ||
FERTILITY DESIRES | .72 | ||
Desires children in the future | |||
Yes | 28 | 29 | |
No | 70 | 69 | |
Do not know | 0 | 1 | |
Response missing | 1 | 1 | |
FERTILITY EXPECTATIONS | |||
No. of children expected* | .001 | ||
0 | 41 | 31 | |
1 | 24 | 56 | |
>=2 | 35 | 13 | |
Partner would like to have child | .0007 | ||
Yes | 33 | 46 | |
No | 65 | 45 | |
Do not know | 2 | 5 | |
Response missing | 0 | 4 | |
Likelihood of having abortion if pregnant | na | ||
Definitely would | na | 31 | |
Probably would/50% chance/probably would not | na | 30 | |
Definitely would not§ | na | 37 | |
Do not know | na | 2 | |
Response missing | na | 1 | |
Total | 100 | 100 | |
*Among those desiring children. Asked only of respondents who were currently married or with a heterosexual partner. (Unweighted sample sizes were 182 males and 255 females; weighted sample sizes were 27,885 males and 23,167 females.) Asked only of female respondents. §Includes those who were trying to become pregnant. Notes: Ns shown represent weighted sample sizes. The unweighted sample sizes are 361 males and 377 females. na=not applicable, either because it was not asked or because category was excluded as a result of sample restrictions. |
Table 2. Percentage distribution of study participants and mean values, by selected characteristics, according to sex | |||
Characteristic | Men | Women | p |
(N=53,177) | (N=34,833) | ||
Age | .0000 | ||
20-29 | 3 | 16 | |
30-34 | 8 | 26 | |
35-39 | 20 | 32 | |
40-44 | 20 | 26 | |
>=45 | 49 | na | |
Race/ethnicity | .4317 | ||
Non-Hispanic white | 33 | 28 | |
Non-Hispanic black | 51 | 52 | |
Hispanic/Latino | 14 | 18 | |
Other | 2 | 3 | |
No. of children | .4593 | ||
0 | 27 | 24 | |
1 | 19 | 24 | |
2 | 21 | 19 | |
>=3 | 33 | 34 | |
Education | .0013 | ||
Some high school | 32 | 42 | |
High school graduate | 33 | 32 | |
Some college | 25 | 23 | |
College graduate | 11 | 3 | |
Currently employed | .9253 | ||
Yes | 27 | 27 | |
No | 73 | 73 | |
Annual income | .1179 | ||
<$5,000 | 23 | 28 | |
$5,001-10,000 | 31 | 34 | |
$10,001-25,000 | 26 | 27 | |
>$25,000 | 20 | 11 | |
HIV risk group | .0001 | ||
Heterosexual contact | 25 | 60 | |
Injection drug use | 41 | 25 | |
Bisexual contact | 22 | na | |
Other | 12 | 15 | |
Characteristic | Men | Women | p |
(N=53,177) | (N=34,833) | ||
Sexual orientation | .0000 | ||
Straight/heterosexual | 81 | 92 | |
Lesbian | na | 3 | |
Bisexual | 19 | 4 | |
Other | na | 1 | |
Mean health ratings | |||
Overall health | 73.0 | 73.3 | .8684 |
Physical functioning | 79.9 | 82.7 | .0958 |
Emotional well-being | 66.7 | 64.8 | .3546 |
Lowest CD4+ count ever | .1579 | ||
0-49/mm3 | 27 | 21 | |
50-199/mm3 | 33 | 30 | |
200-499/mm3 | 34 | 43 | |
>=500/mm3 | 6 | 6 | |
Viral load | .0128 | ||
Detectable | 39 | 49 | |
Undetectable | 27 | 18 | |
Do not know | 6 | 4 | |
Response missing | 27 | 29 | |
Relationship status | .0000 | ||
Married | 29 | 19 | |
Nonmarried partner | 29 | 51 | |
Separated/divorced | 18 | 7 | |
Widowed/never-married | 24 | 23 | |
HIV status of primary partner/spouse* | .8407 | ||
Positive | 26 | 27 | |
Negative | 52 | 54 | |
Unknown | 22 | 20 | |
Importance of religion | .0081 | ||
Very | 52 | 65 | |
Somewhat | 33 | 28 | |
Not very | 9 | 2 | |
Not at all | 6 | 5 | |
Total | 100 | 100 | |
*Includes only respondents who had a primary partner or spouse. (unweighted sample size is 250 males and 305 females; weighted sample representes 37,497 males and 27,476 females.) Notes: Ns shown represent weighted sample sizes. The unweighted sample sizes are 361 males and 377 females. na=not applicable, either because it was not asked or because categorty was excluded as a result of sample restrictions. |
Table 3. Percentage distribution of HIV-positive women and U.S. women overall, by total number of births expected, according to age | |||||||
Age | HIV-positive* | All | Total | ||||
0 | 1 | >=2 | 0 | 1 | >=2 | ||
20-29 | 10 | 25 | 64 | 6 | 13 | 81 | 100 |
30-34 | 15 | 20 | 65 | 8 | 16 | 76 | 100 |
35-39 | 18 | 23 | 59 | 11 | 16 | 73 | 100 |
40-44 | 16 | 28 | 57 | 15 | 17 | 68 | 100 |
*From the Risk and Prevention Sample of the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study. Total number of births expected is the sum of the number of children ever born and the number of births expected in the future. From the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Total births expected is the sum of the number of children ever born and the additional number of births expected. Notes: Weighted Ns are 34,833 for HIV-positive women and 44,578 for NSFG respondents. Some percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding. |
Table 4. Percentage distribution of study participants and mean values, by selected characteristics, according to sex and desire for children in the future | ||||||
Characteristic | Men | Women | ||||
Do not desire children | Desire children | p | Do not desire children | Desire children | p | |
(N=37,295) | (N=15,115 | (N=23,953) | (N=10,235) | |||
Partner would like to have child* | .0000 | .0000 | ||||
Yes | 17 | 75 | 27 | 78 | ||
No | 82 | 19 | 69 | 6 | ||
Do not know | 1 | 5 | 4 | 7 | ||
Response missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | ||
Likelihood of having abortion if pregnant | na | .0000 | ||||
Definitely would | na | na | 42 | 8 | ||
Probably would/50% chance probably would not | na | na | 30 | 30 | ||
Definitely would not | na | na | 27 | 59 | ||
Do not know | na | na | 1 | 2 | ||
Woman has had/partner has had tubal ligation | .3190 | .0367 | ||||
Yes | 12 | 17 | 40 | 22 | ||
No | 77 | 78 | 57 | 71 | ||
Do not know | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Response missing | 6 | 5 | 3 | 7 | ||
No. of children | .0804 | .0020 | ||||
0 | 22 | 38 | 17 | 37 | ||
1 | 18 | 22 | 23 | 24 | ||
2 | 23 | 16 | 20 | 19 | ||
>=3 | 37 | 24 | 39 | 20 | ||
Age | .0002 | .0014 | ||||
20-29 | 2 | 5 | 11 | 27 | ||
30-34 | 5 | 14 | 24 | 30 | ||
35-39 | 15 | 33 | 34 | 28 | ||
40-44 | 20 | 19 | 31 | 15 | ||
>=45 | 58 | 29 | na | na | ||
Race/ethnicity | .6957 | .2087 | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 33 | 32 | 24 | 35 | ||
Non-Hispanic black | 51 | 51 | 54 | 47 | ||
Hispanic/Latino | 14 | 16 | 19 | 16 | ||
Other | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | ||
Education | .4365 | .4972 | ||||
Some high school | 33 | 28 | 41 | 47 | ||
High school graduate | 32 | 34 | 34 | 24 | ||
Some college | 27 | 21 | 22 | 26 | ||
College graduate | 8 | 16 | 3 | 2 | ||
Currently employed | .6003 | .2704 | ||||
Yes | 26 | 29 | 24 | 30 | ||
No | 74 | 71 | 76 | 70 | ||
Annual income | .7882 | .4205 | ||||
<$5,000 | 24 | 23 | 29 | 27 | ||
$5,001-10,000 | 31 | 29 | 36 | 29 | ||
$10,001-25,000 | 23 | 29 | 26 | 28 | ||
>$25,000 | 21 | 20 | 9 | 16 | ||
Characteristic | Men | Women | ||||
Do not desire | Desire childre | p | Do not desire | Desire childre | p | |
(N=37,295) | 15,115) | (N=23,953) | 10,235) | |||
HIV risk group | .3357 | .1366 | ||||
Heterosexual contact | 26 | 24 | 58 | 63 | ||
Injection drug use | 40 | 43 | 28 | 19 | ||
Bisexual contact | 20 | 26 | na | na | ||
Other | 14 | 8 | 14 | 18 | ||
Sexual orientation | .4133 | .1323 | ||||
Straight/heterosexual | 82 | 77 | 90 | 96 | ||
Lesbian | na | na | 4 | 1 | ||
Bisexual | 18 | 23 | 5 | 3 | ||
Other | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
Mean health ratings | ||||||
Overall health | 72.6 | 74.5 | .4496 | 70.2 | 80.5 | .0002 |
Physical functioning | 78.1 | 84.0 | .0258 | 82.6 | 83.1 | .8221 |
Emotional well-being | 66.7 | 67.1 | .8542 | 64.1 | 67.1 | .2042 |
Lowest CD4+ count ever | .1019 | .4783 | ||||
0-49/mm3 | 28 | 23 | 24 | 17 | ||
50-199/mm3 | 36 | 27 | 29 | 32 | ||
200-499/mm3 | 30 | 45 | 42 | 44 | ||
>=500/mm3 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | ||
Viral load | .6369 | .2194 | ||||
Detectable | 38 | 45 | 54 | 39 | ||
Undetectable | 27 | 28 | 16 | 23 | ||
Do not know | 6 | 5 | 3 | 5 | ||
Response missing | 29 | 22 | 27 | 33 | ||
Relationship status | .1171 | .0042 | ||||
Married | 30 | 25 | 15 | 29 | ||
Nonmarried partner | 29 | 32 | 49 | 55 | ||
Separated/divorced | 21 | 12 | 8 | 4 | ||
Widowed/never-married | 20 | 31 | 27 | 12 | ||
HIV status of primary partner/spouse§ | .4765 | .0197 | ||||
Positive | 28 | 21 | 28 | 22 | ||
Negative | 53 | 52 | 58 | 46 | ||
Unknown | 19 | 27 | 14 | 32 | ||
Importance of religion | .2448 | .0869 | ||||
Very | 49 | 58 | 68 | 62 | ||
Somewhat | 36 | 27 | 28 | 28 | ||
Not very | 8 | 10 | 2 | 2 | ||
Not at all | 7 | 4 | 2 | 9 | ||
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
*Includes only respondents who were currently married or had a heterosexual partner. (Unweighted sample size is 181 males and 247 females; weighted sample represents 27,687 males and 22,691 females.) Includes those who were trying to become pregnant. Among respondents who had sex with an opposite-sex partner within the last six months. (Unweighted sample size is 172 males and 243 females; weighted sample represents 25,645 males and 22,744 females.) §Among respondents who had a primary partner or spouse. (Unweighted sample size is 247 males and 296 females; weighted sample represents 36,923 males and 26,832 females.) Notes: Ns shown represent weighted sample sizes. The unweighted sample sizes are 107 males and 109 females who desire children and 249 males and 259 females who do not desire children. na=not applicable, either because it was not asked or because category was excluded as a result of sample restrictions. |
Table 5. Percentage distribution of respondents who desired more children, by selected characteristics, according to sex and whether they expect to have children in the future | ||||||
Characteristic | Men | Women | ||||
Expect no children | Expect >=1 children | p | Expectno children | Expect >=1 children | p | |
(N=6,168) | (N=8,946) | (N=3,188) | (N=7,047) | |||
Age | .3510 | .1258 | ||||
20-29 | 3 | 6 | 19 | 31 | ||
30-34 | 10 | 16 | 19 | 35 | ||
35-39 | 26 | 38 | 42 | 21 | ||
40-44 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 13 | ||
>=45 | 41 | 21 | na | na | ||
Race/ethnicity | .0795 | .3684 | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 46 | 23 | 48 | 28 | ||
Non-Hispanic black | 38 | 59 | 36 | 52 | ||
Hispanic/Latino | 14 | 18 | 15 | 17 | ||
Other | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||
Has children | .2142 | .3229 | ||||
No | 28 | 46 | 30 | 41 | ||
Yes | 72 | 54 | 70 | 59 | ||
Lowest CD4+ count ever | .0383 | .9030 | ||||
0-49/mm3 | 40 | 12 | 15 | 18 | ||
50-199/mm3 | 33 | 23 | 38 | 30 | ||
200-499/mm3 | 23 | 59 | 41 | 45 | ||
>=500/mm3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||
Viral load | .9269 | .1633 | ||||
Detectable | 43 | 46 | 47 | 35 | ||
Undetectable | 28 | 27 | 29 | 20 | ||
Do not know | 7 | 4 | 8 | 4 | ||
Response missing | 22 | 22 | 15 | 41 | ||
Relationship status | .1765 | .8447 | ||||
Married | 33 | 20 | 35 | 26 | ||
Nonmarried partner | 27 | 34 | 49 | 58 | ||
Separated/divorced | 19 | 7 | 5 | 4 | ||
Widowed/never-married | 20 | 39 | 11 | 12 | ||
HIV risk group | .4343 | .3988 | ||||
Heterosexual contact | 29 | 21 | 72 | 59 | ||
Injection drug use | 47 | 40 | 12 | 23 | ||
Bisexual contact | 18 | 30 | na | na | ||
Other | 6 | 9 | 16 | 19 | ||
HIV status of primary partner/spouse* | .5212 | .1798 | ||||
Positive | 17 | 24 | 19 | 24 | ||
Negative | 59 | 46 | 36 | 51 | ||
Unknown | 23 | 30 | 45 | 25 | ||
Woman has had/partner has had tubal ligation | .6789 | .2254 | ||||
Yes | 21 | 14 | 30 | 18 | ||
No | 77 | 79 | 68 | 72 | ||
Response missing | 3 | 7 | 2 | 9 | ||
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
*Includes only respondents who had a primary partner or spouse. (Unweighted sample size is 78 males and 97 females; weighted sample represents 11,213 males and 9,427 females.) Includes only respondents who had had sex with an opposite-sex partner within the last six months. (Unweighted sample size is 56 males and 83 females; weighted sample represents 8,015 males and 7,941 females.) Notes: Ns shown represent weighted sample sizes. The unweighted sample sizes are 42 males and 32 females who expect to have no children and 65 males and 77 females who expect to have at least one child. na=not applicable, either because it was not asked or because category was excluded as a result of sample restrictions. |
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© copyright 2001, The Alan Guttmacher Institute. |