TABLES: Current or Past Physical or Sexual Abuse as a Risk Marker For Sexually Transmitted Disease in Pregnant Women

	Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Volume 34, Number 2, March/April 2002
	Current or Past Physical or Sexual Abuse as a Risk Marker For Sexually Transmitted Disease in Pregnant Women TABLES

TABLE 1. Percentage distribution of clients at an urban prenatal care clinic, by selected characteristics, 1991-1996
Characteristic	% (N=744)
Race/ethnicity
White	48.5
Black	34.1
Other	17.3
Age at delivery
<18	25.5
>=18	74.5
Parity
0	62.8
>=1	37.2
Received Medicare
Yes	78.4
No	21.6
Education
<adequate for age	24.3
>=adequate for age	75.7
Marital status
Single	73.5
Other	26.5
Unplanned pregnancy
Yes	85.9
No	14.1
Smoked during pregnancy
Yes	37.4
No	62.6
Used alcohol during pregnancy
Yes	14.9
No	85.1
Used drugs during pregnancy
Yes	7.7
No	92.3
History of STD
Yes	29.8
No	70.2
Incident infection
Yes	17.7
No	82.3
Abuse status
No abuse	51.2
Current physical or sexual abuse	8.5
History of physical abuse only	22.6
History of sexual abuse only	9.0
History of physical and sexual abuse	8.7
Total	100.0

TABLE 2. Percentage distribution of prenatal care clients, by selected characteristics, according to STD history and incident infection status
Characteristic	History		Incident infection
	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative
	(N=222)	(N=522)	(N=132)	(N=612)
Race/ethnicity
White	42.8***	51.0	32.6***	52.0
Black	43.7***	30.1	53.8***	29.9
Other	13.5***	19.0	13.6***	18.1
Age
<18	31.1*	23.2	36.6**	22.9
>=18	68.9	76.8	63.4	77.1
Parity
0	62.6	62.8	74.2**	60.3
>=1	37.4	37.2	25.8	39.7
Received Medicare
Yes	75.7	79.5	78.0	78.4
No	24.3	20.5	22.0	21.6
Education
<adequate for age	26.2	23.5	22.5	24.7
>=adequate for age	73.8	76.5	77.5	75.3
Marital status
Single	79.2**	68.8	87.8***	70.4
Other	20.8	31.2	12.2	29.6
Unplanned pregnancy
Yes	87.8	85.1	89.4	85.4
No	12.2	14.9	10.6	14.6
Smoked during pregnancy
Yes	43.7*	34.7	36.4	37.6
No	56.3	65.3	63.6	62.4
Used alcohol during pregnancy
Yes	20.7**	12.5	17.4	14.4
No	79.3	87.5	82.6	85.6
Used drugs during pregnancy
Yes	11.3*	6.1	10.6	7.0
No	88.7	93.9	89.4	93.0
Abuse status
No abuse	40.5***	55.8	47.0	52.1
Current physical or sexual abuse	11.3	7.3	10.6	8.0
History of physical
abuse only	21.6	23.0	15.9*	24.0
History of sexual
abuse only	13.1**	7.3	13.6*	8.0
History of physical
and sexual abuse	13.5**	6.7	12.8	7.8
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
p<.05. p<.01. *p<.001. Note:* Significance levels refer to differences between distributions by STD status (positive or negative).

TABLE 3. Odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) from logistic regression analysis indicating the association between various characteristics and having a documented STD history
Characteristic	Odds ratio
Ever abused
No (ref)	1.00
Yes	1.93 (1.38-2.73)***
Type of abuse
None (ref)	1.00
Current physical or sexual abuse	2.02 (1.13-3.60)*
History of physical abuse only	1.42 (0.92-2.20)
History of sexual abuse only	2.32 (1.31-4.07)**
History of physical and sexual abuse	3.10 (1.73-5.56)***
Race/ethnicity
White (ref)	1.00
Black	1.71 (1.17-2.51)**
Other	0.87 (0.51-1.44)
Age
<18	1.57 (1.05-2.34)*
>=18 (ref)	1.00
Marital status
Single	1.81 (1.20-2.80)**
Other (ref)	1.00
Smoked during pregnancy
Yes	1.44 (0.99-2.08)
No (ref)	1.00
Used alcohol during pregnancy
Yes	1.51 (0.92-2.45)
No (ref)	1.00
p<.05. p<.01. *p<.001. Notes:* ref=reference category. Analysis excluded 11 women for whom data were missing for some covariates. Although drug use was significant in bivariate analysis, it was significantly correlated with alcohol use and, thus, is not included.

TABLE 4. Odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) from logistic regression analysis indicating the association between various characteristics and having positive laboratory test documentation of a current STD infection
Characteristic	Odds ratio
Ever abused
No (ref)	1.00
Yes	1.69 (1.12-2.55)*
Type of abuse
None (ref)	1.00
Current physical or sexual abuse	1.52 (0.75-2.96)
History of physical abuse only	1.15 (0.64-2.02)
History of sexual abuse only	2.14 (1.10-4.03)*
History of physical and sexual abuse	2.97 (1.49-5.78)**
Race/ethnicity
White (ref)	1.00
Black	2.75 (1.74-4.41)***
Other	1.13 (0.59-2.09)
Age
<18	1.46 (0.92-2.31)
>=18 (ref)	1.00
Parity
0	1.89 (1.17-3.13)*
>=1 (ref)	1.00
Marital status
Single	1.92 (1.10-3.55)*
Other (ref)	1.00
p<.05. p<.01. *p<.001. Notes:* ref=reference category. Analysis excluded 14 women for whom data were missing for some covariates.