| TABLE 1. Selected characteristics of
studies addressing maltreatment and adolescent pregnancy,
1990-2000 |
| Authors/year |
Sample |
Type of maltreatment |
Additional variables |
Methodology/design |
| Adams and East, 19993 |
N=100; ages 12-24 (mean, 16.5) |
Physical (e.g., Have you been hit or beat up?)
Sexual (e.g., Has anyone forced you to have sex?)
Emotional (e.g., Have you
felt worthless or bad?) |
Age at first coitus; age at first pregnancy; delinquency;
depression; race/ethnicity |
186-item structured interview |
| Boyer and Fine, 19924 |
N=535; ages 13-21 (mean, 17.6) |
Sexual (molestation, coercion, attempted rape,
rape)
Physical (hit, thrown against wall) |
Sex for place to stay; drug or alcohol use |
Questionnaire |
| Butler and Burton, 19905 |
N=41; ages 16-25 (mean, 19) |
Sexual (coercion, attempted rape, rape)
|
Attitudes about sexuality, self-esteem; reasons for
pregnancy |
Interview |
| Chandy, Blum and Resnick, 19966 |
N=2,022; grades 7-12 (mean age, 15.3) |
Sexual (yes/no) |
School performance; suicidal behaviors; eating disorders;
substance abuse; pregnancy risk |
Secondary analysis using nationally representative
database |
| Esperat and Esparza, 19977 |
N=111; ages 13-20 men; being a parent |
Sexual (yes/no) |
Feelings about self; sexuality; ended interview |
Four-item open- |
| Fiscella et al., 19988 |
N=1,026; mean age, 18 |
Sexual (yes/no)
Physical (yes/no; amount of early violence)
Emotional (warmth from
caregiver/parent) |
Age at first coitus; age at first pregnancy |
33-item structured interview |
| Kenney, Reinholtz and Angelini, 19979 |
N=1,937; ages 18-22 |
Sexual (molestation, coercion, attempted rape, rape) |
Race/ethnicity; educational level; marital status |
20-page questionnaire |
| Nagy, DiClemente and Adcock, 199510 |
N=3,124; 76% were aged 14-16 |
Sexual (yes/no) |
Truancy; sexual history and behaviors; substance use;
violence; mental health |
Questionnaire |
| Rainey, Stevens-Simon and Kaplan, 199511 |
N=200; ages 13-18 (mean, 16.2) |
Sexual (yes/no) |
Feelings about pregnancy; age at first intercourse;
frequency of sex; number of sexually transmitted diseases; frequency of
contraceptive use; desirability of pregnancy; fear of infertility; delinquent
behaviors |
40-item questionnaire |
| Romans, Martin and Morris, 199712 |
N=477 adults |
Sexual (nongenital contact, nonpenetrative genital
contact, penetrative genital contact, penetrative intercourse) |
Parental marital relationship; parental health; physical
punishment; nonnuclear family; childhood confidante; |
Two stages: mailed survey; interview parent-child
relationship |
| Roosa et al., 199713 |
N=2,003; ages 18-22 (mean, 19.9) |
Sexual (molestation, coercion, attempted rape, rape) |
Social class; race/ethnicity; age at first sex; partner
abuse; smoking; prostitution; contraceptive use |
Questionnaire |
| Smith, 199614 |
N=249; grades 7-8 |
Substantiated cases of four types of maltreatment before
age 12, divided for analysis into any maltreatment, single type of maltreatment,
multiple types maltreatment |
Family structure; family disadvanage; education; substance
use; intimacy issues |
Structured interview |
| Stevens-Simon and McAnarney, 199415 |
N=127; ages 12-18 (mean, 16.1) |
Sexual and physical abuse combined into one variable
(yes/no) |
Substance abuse; social support; stress; depression; prior
maltreatment; infant health |
Structured interview |
| Stock et al., 199716 |
N=3,128; grades 8, 10 and 12 |
Sexual (yes/no)
Physical (yes/no) |
Race/ethnicity; parental supervision; education; substance
use; suicidal ideation; body image, sexual history; contraceptive use |
120-item questionnaire |
| Widom and Kuhns, 199617 |
N=1,196; mean age, 28 |
Sexual (yes/no)
Physical (yes/no)
Neglect
(yes/no) |
Social class; age; promiscuity; prostitution |
Two-hour structured interview; prospective matched cohort
design |
| Note: Superscript numbers refer to the
reference list (see page 74). |
