Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive
Health | |
Contraceptive Method Switching in the United States |
TABLE 1. Percentage of married women using selected contraceptive methods who switched to a new method within two years, by new (destination) method, 1995 National Survey of Family Growth | |||||||||
Origin method | N | Destination method | |||||||
All | Female sterilization | Male sterilization | Implant/ injectable/IUD |
Pill | Condom | Other reversible | None | ||
All | 2,973 | 39.6 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 6.6 | 8.7 |
(3.7-12.5) | (1.3-2.8) | (2.1-3.7) | (1.6-3.2) | (6.5-9.2) | (7.8-10.9) | (5.3-7.9) | (7.2-10.4) | ||
Implant/injectable/IUD | 147 | 30.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | na | 5.1 | 9.2 | 6.1 | 5.5 |
(20.1-40.2) | (0.2-11.2) | (na) | (1.4-9.6) | (3.6-16.3) | (1.9-11.9) | (1.4-10.3) | |||
Pill | 745 | 41.5 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 3.3 | na | 14.7 | 9.0 | 10.6 |
(36.0-47.1) | (0.8-3.9) | (0.6-3.0) | (1.5-5.3) | (11.1-19.0) | (6.0-12.2) | (7.3-14.6) | |||
Condom | 764 | 41.6 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 11.5 | na | 7.7 | 12.6 |
(36.0-47.2) | (0.6-2.7) | (3.3-8.1) | (1.2-4.3) | (8.2-15.3) | (5.4-10.4) | (9.3-16.1) | |||
Other reversible | 546 | 29.6 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 5.7 | 8.4 | na | 10.2 |
(24.3-35.1) | (0.2-3.3) | (1.5-4.6) | (0.1-2.0) | (3.6-8.2) | (5.8-11.3) | (6.7-14.1) | |||
None | 771 | 42.8 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 17.0 | 12.4 | 7.4 | na |
(37.4-48.5) | (1.0-3.4) | (0.5-2.8) | (1.2-3.8) | (12.7-21.9) | (9.5-15.7) | (4.7-10.6) | |||
Notes: Ns are unweighted. Figures in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals, derived from bootstrapping using 1,000 resamples. na=not applicable. |
TABLE 2. Percentage distribution of married women, by origin method, and percentage distribution of those who switched to specific destination methods, by origin method | ||||||||
Origin method | % | Destination method | ||||||
Female sterilization | Male sterilization | Implant/injectable/IUD | Pill | Condom | Other reversible | None | ||
Implant/injectable/IUD | 4.6 | 9.5 | 0.0 | na | 2.7 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 3.1 |
Pill | 25.8 | 29.4 | 15.7 | 37.1 | na | 42.6 | 35.9 | 33.5 |
Condom | 26.0 | 20.5 | 51.5 | 29.4 | 34.9 | na | 30.9 | 40.3 |
Other reversible | 18.5 | 14.0 | 19.1 | 7.5 | 12.3 | 17.4 | na | 23.0 |
None | 25.2 | 26.7 | 13.7 | 26.0 | 50.0 | 35.2 | 28.9 | na |
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Note: na=not applicable. |
TABLE 3. Percentage of unmarried women using selected contraceptive methods who switched to a new method within two years, by new (destination) method | ||||||||
Origin method | N | Destination method | ||||||
All | Long-term | Dual methods | Pill | Condom | Other reversible | None | ||
All | 4,896 | 60.9 | 3.4 | 5.3 | 14.7 | 15.2 | 9.2 | 13.1 |
(58.6-63.0) | (2.7-4.3) | (4.4-6.3) | (13.2-16.2) | (13.6-16.7) | (8.0-10.4) | (11.7-14.5) | ||
Implant/injectable/IUD | 204 | 33.4 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 5.3 | 2.0 | 15.8 |
(21.6-45.2) | (0.6-7.0) | (0.7-11.1) | (0.2-8.3) | (1.3-10.3) | (0.8-5.4) | (8.2-25.4) | ||
Dual methods | 374 | 68.1 | 4.3 | na | 50.1 | 10.1 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
(61.6-74.8) | (2.2-6.7) | (43.2-56.5) | (6.3-14.4) | (0.4-3.9) | (0.5-3.4) | |||
Pill | 1,110 | 51.6 | 4.3 | 10.1 | na | 13.6 | 7.1 | 16.5 |
(46.8-56.5) | (2.5-6.3) | (7.8-12.6) | (10.7-16.5) | (4.9-9.4) | (13.4-19.9) | |||
Condom | 1,400 | 63.8 | 2.0 | 6.2 | 18.7 | na | 16.3 | 20.6 |
(59.7-68.0) | (1.1-3.0) | (4.3-8.3) | (15.5-21.8) | (13.8-19.0) | (17.9-23.6) | |||
Other reversible | 593 | 64.4 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 17.1 | 30.0 | na | 14.0 |
(58.2-70.6) | (0.9-4.0) | (0.3-2.0) | (13.1-21.6) | (24.7-35.4) | (10.7-17.4) | |||
None | 1,215 | 69.6 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 13.3 | 36.2 | 11.5 | na |
(63.9-74.1) | (3.3-7.2) | (1.8-5.5) | (10.6-16.9) | (30.9-41.0) | (8.4-14.8) | |||
Sterilization and long-term reversible methods. Notes: Ns are unweighted. Figures in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals, derived from bootstrapping using 1,000 resamples. na=not applicable. |
TABLE 4. Percentage distribution of unmarried women, by origin method, and percentage distribution of those who switched to specific destination methods, by origin method | |||||||
Origin method | % | Destination method | |||||
Long-term | Dual methods | Pill | Condom | Other reversible | None | ||
Implant/injectable/IUD | 3.7 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 4.7 |
Dual methods | 7.7 | 9.5 | na | 26.2 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 1.1 |
Pill | 23.3 | 28.7 | 44.8 | na | 19.5 | 17.8 | 30.9 |
Condom | 29.6 | 16.7 | 35.2 | 37.5 | na | 51.6 | 49.0 |
Other reversible | 12.8 | 8.4 | 2.4 | 14.8 | 23.6 | na | 14.3 |
None | 22.9 | 33.5 | 14.9 | 20.6 | 50.9 | 28.2 | na |
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Sterilization and long-term reversible methods. Note: na=not applicable. |
TABLE 5. Hazard model coefficients indicating the effects of married women's characteristics on the risk of switching from a specific origin method to a specific destination method | |||||||
Origin method and characteristic | Destination method | ||||||
All | Sterilization | Implant/injectable/IUD | Pill | Condom | Other reversible | None | |
Pill | |||||||
Age at start of interval | 0.004 | 0.039* | -0.016 | na | -0.016 | 0.016 | -0.091* |
Black | 0.238 | 0.776* | -0.524 | na | 0.265 | -0.205 | 0.322* |
Hispanic | 0.190 | -1.140* | 0.181 | na | 0.013 | -0.312 | 0.126 |
Completed yrs. of education | -0.028 | -0.021 | -0.031 | na | 0.175* | -0.113* | -0.070* |
Parity 0 at start of interval | 0.461 | -0.888* | 1.499* | na | -0.035 | -0.211 | 0.173 |
No religious affiliation | 0.214 | 0.504* | 1.491* | na | -0.308 | 0.000 | -1.583* |
Condom | |||||||
Age at start of interval | -0.024 | 0.041* | -0.035* | -0.003 | na | -0.187* | -0.019 |
Black | -0.010 | 0.531* | -0.187 | -1.386* | na | -0.900* | 0.235 |
Hispanic | -0.273 | -2.272* | -0.248 | -2.217* | na | -0.842* | -0.236 |
Completed yrs. of education | -0.021 | -0.136* | -0.153* | -0.119* | na | 0.008 | 0.043 |
Parity 0 at start of interval | 0.014 | | | 0.061 | na | -1.034* | 0.263 |
No religious affiliation | 0.103 | -2.047* | -0.885 | 0.155 | na | -0.187 | -0.283 |
Other reversible | |||||||
Age at start of interval | -0.019 | 0.056* | 0.064* | -0.121* | -0.089* | na | 0.075* |
Black | 0.229 | -1.825* | 0.328 | 0.217 | -1.738* | na | -0.798* |
Hispanic | 0.176 | -1.977* | 1.114* | -0.089 | 0.520* | na | -0.160 |
Completed yrs. of education | 0.022 | 0.109* | 0.066* | 0.161* | 0.043 | na | -0.133* |
Parity 0 at start of interval | 0.425 | | | 1.373* | 0.258 | na | 1.694* |
No religious affiliation | 0.117 | 0.875* | | -0.021 | 0.629* | na | 0.418* |
None | |||||||
Age at start of interval | -0.036* | 0.091* | -0.042 | -0.081* | -0.027 | 0.036 | na |
Black | 0.056 | 0.884* | 0.055 | 0.821* | 0.436* | -1.661* | na |
Hispanic | 0.612* | 1.012* | 1.636* | 0.127 | 0.763* | -0.001 | na |
Completed yrs. of education | 0.086* | 0.090* | -0.074 | 0.090* | 0.062 | 0.211* | na |
Parity 0 at start of interval | -0.700* | -1.887* | | -0.547* | 0.126 | -2.010* | na |
No religious affiliation | 0.148 | -1.113 | 0.900 | -1.725* | 1.236* | -0.438 | na |
*p<.05. Variable deleted from the model because no women with the characteristic switched to the method. Notes: Models also control for women's living arrangements during childhood, age at menarche and duration of use (not shown). na=not applicable. No results are shown for models in which long-term reversible methods were the origin method because few married women use those methods and rates of switching from those methods to each destination method are very low. |
TABLE 6. Hazard model coefficients indicating the effects of unmarried women's characteristics on the risk of switching from a specific origin method to a specific destination method | |||||||
Origin method and characteristic | Destination method | ||||||
All | Long-term | Dual methods | Pill | Condom | Other reversible | None | |
Dual methods | |||||||
Age at start of interval | 0.000 | 0.083* | na | -0.005 | -0.071 | -0.137 | -0.059 |
Black | -0.449 | -0.436 | na | -0.390* | -0.123 | -2.228* | 1.474* |
Hispanic | -0.144 | -1.805 | na | -0.312 | 1.671* | -0.973 | |
Completed yrs. of education | -0.003 | 0.052 | na | -0.017 | 0.080 | 0.409* | 0.218 |
Parity 0 at start of interval | 0.182 | -3.485* | na | 0.351 | 0.298 | -2.800* | 0.035 |
No religious affiliation | 0.486* | -0.154 | na | -0.677* | 2.220* | -0.279 | -0.675 |
Pill | |||||||
Age at start of interval | -0.018 | 0.007 | 0.008 | na | -0.061* | 0.032* | -0.025* |
Black | 0.271 | -0.431 | 0.610* | na | 0.291* | -1.117* | 0.143 |
Hispanic | -0.196 | -0.349 | -0.820* | na | -0.450* | 0.269 | -1.159* |
Completed yrs. of education | -0.062 | -0.125* | -0.085* | na | 0.106* | 0.034 | 0.130* |
Parity 0 at start of interval | 0.273 | -0.471* | 1.683* | na | -0.080 | 0.411* | -0.563* |
No religious affiliation | 0.224 | -0.910* | 0.380* | na | 0.318* | 0.356* | -0.028 |
Condom | |||||||
Age at start of interval | -0.013 | 0.037* | -0.141* | -0.137* | na | -0.002 | 0.031* |
Black | -0.439* | -0.267 | 0.639* | -0.981* | na | -0.402* | 0.235* Hispanic |
-0.202 | | -1.322* | -0.632* | na | -0.693* | 0.193 | |
Completed yrs. of education | 0.027 | 0.187* | 0.055 | 0.235* | na | -0.004 | -0.023 |
Parity 0 at start of interval | 0.082 | -2.186* | 0.616* | -0.042 | na | 0.180 | 0.331* |
No religious affiliation | 0.011 | -0.268 | 0.367* | -0.396* | na | 0.106 | 0.255* |
Other reversible | |||||||
Age at start of interval | -0.076* | -0.038 | -0.201* | -0.114* | -0.038* | na | -0.004 |
Black | -0.213 | 0.257 | 0.302 | -0.611* | -0.569* | na | 0.094 |
Hispanic | -0.041 | -0.200 | 1.674* | -0.258 | -0.078 | na | -0.467 |
Completed yrs. of education | 0.057 | -0.120 | 0.168 | -0.020 | 0.075* | na | 0.052 |
Parity 0 at start of interval | -0.078 | -0.988* | 0.175 | 0.368 | 0.323 | na | -0.419* |
No religious affiliation | -0.279 | -0.652 | -1.032 | -0.604* | 0.128 | na | 0.153 |
None | |||||||
Age at start of interval | -0.034* | 0.012 | -0.034 | -0.073* | -0.051* | -0.013 | na |
Black | -0.278 | -0.637* | -0.206 | -0.752* | -0.284* | -0.459* | na |
Hispanic | -0.118 | -0.045 | -3.896* | -0.874* | 0.030 | 0.360 | na |
Completed yrs. of education | 0.098* | -0.082 | -0.073 | 0.112* | 0.168* | 0.110* | na |
Parity 0 at start of interval | 0.214 | -0.954* | 0.775* | -0.559* | 0.673* | 0.600* | na |
No religious affiliation | -0.154 | -0.503 | -2.855* | -0.518* | -0.224* | -0.250 | na |
*p<.05. Sterilization and long-term reversible methods. Variable deleted from the model because no women with the characteristic switched to the method. Notes: Models also control for women's living arrangements during childhood, age at menarche and duration of use (not shown). na=not applicable. |
© copyright 2002, the Alan Guttmacher Institute. |