1. Gazmararian JA et al., Violence and reproductive health: current knowledge and future research directions, Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2000, 4(2):79-84.
2. Renker PR, Physical abuse, social support, self-care, and pregnancy outcomes of older adolescents, Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 1999, 28(4):377-388.
3. Adams JA and East PL, Past physical abuse is significantly correlated with pregnancy as an adolescent, Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 1999, 12(3):133-138.
4. Boyer D and Fine D, Sexual abuse as a factor in adolescent pregnancy and child maltreatment, Family Planning Perspectives, 1992, 24(1):4-19.
5. Butler JR and Burton L, Rethinking teenage childbearing: is sexual abuse a missing link? Family Relations, 1990, 39(1):73-80.
6. Chandy JM, Blum RW and Resnick MD, Female adolescents with a history of sexual abuse: risk outcome and protective factors, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1996, 11(4):503-518.
7. Esperat MC and Esparza DV, Minority adolescent mothers who reported childhood sexual abuse and those who did not: perceptions of themselves and their relationships, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 1997, 18(3):229-246.
8. Fiscella K et al., Does child abuse predict adolescent pregnancy? Pediatrics, 1998, 101(4):620-624.
9. Kenney JW, Reinholtz C and Angelini PJ, Ethnic differences in childhood and adolescent sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy, Journal of Adolescent Health, 1997, 21(1):3-10.
10. Nagy S, DiClemente R and Adcock AG, Adverse factors associated with forced sex among Southern adolescent girls, Pediatrics, 1995, 96(5): 944-946.
11. Rainey D, Stevens-Simon C and Kaplan DW, Are adolescents who report sexual abuse at higher risk for pregnancy? Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995, 19(10):1283-1288.
12. Romans SE, Martin JL and Morris EM, Risk factors for adolescent pregnancy: how important is child sexual abuse? New Zealand Medical Journal, 1997, 110(1037):30-33.
13. Roosa MW et al., The relationship of childhood sexual abuse to teenage pregnancy, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1997, 59(1): 119-130.
14. Smith C, The link between childhood maltreatment and teenage pregnancy, Social Work Research, 1996, 20(3):131-141.
15. Stevens-Simon C and McAnarney ER, Childhood victimization: relationship to adolescent pregnancy outcome, Child Abuse and Neglect, 1994, 18(7):569-575.
16. Stock JL et al., Adolescent pregnancy and sexual risk-taking among sexually abused girls, Family Planning Perspectives, 1997, 29(5):200-203 & 227.
17. Widom CS and Kuhns JB, Childhood victimization and subsequent risk for promiscuity, prostitution, and teenage pregnancy: a prospective study, American Journal of Public Health, 1996, 86(11):1607-1612.
18. Smith C, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 14).
19. Stevens-Simon C and McAnarney ER, 1994, op. cit. (see reference 15).
20. Butler JR and Burton L, 1990, op. cit. (see reference 5); Chandy JM, Blum RW and Resnick MD, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 6); Esperat MC and Esparza DV, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 7); Kenney JW, Reinholtz C and Angelini PJ, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 9); Nagy S, DiClemente R and Adcock AG, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 10); Rainey D, Stevens-Simon C and Kaplan DW, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 11); Romans SE, Martin JL and Morris EM, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 12); and Roosa MW et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 13).
21. Adams JA and East PL, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 3); Boyer D and Fine D, 1992, op. cit. (see reference 4); Fiscella K et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 8); Stock JL et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 16); and Widom CS and Kuhns JB, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 17).
22. Adams JA and East PL, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 3); and Fiscella K et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 8).
23. Widom CS and Kuhns JB, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 17).
24. Boyer D and Fine D, 1992, op. cit. (see reference 4); and Stock JL et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 16).
25. Adams JA and East PL, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 3); and Fiscella K et al., 1998, op. cit (see reference 8).
26. Widom CS and Kuhns JB, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 17).
27. Ibid.; and Smith C, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 14).
28. Esperat MC and Esparza DV, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 7).
29. Rew L, Long term effects of childhood sexual exploitation, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 1989, 10(3-4):229-244.
30. Boyer D and Fine D, 1992, op. cit. (see reference 4); Kenney JW, Reinholtz C and Angelini PJ, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 9); and Roosa MW et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 13).
31. Koss M and Oros L, Sexual Experiences Survey: a research instrument investigating sexual aggression and victimization, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1982, 50(3):455-457.
32. Rainey D, Stevens-Simon C and Kaplan DW, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 11).
33. Boyer D and Fine D, 1992, op. cit. (see reference 4); Butler JR and Burton L, 1990, op. cit. (see reference 5); Kenney JW, Reinholtz C and Angelini PJ, 1997, op. cit (see reference 9); Romans SE, Martin JL and Morris EM, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 12); and Roosa MW et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 13).
34. Smith C, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 14).
35. Boyer D and Fine D, 1992, op. cit. (see reference 4); Chandy JM, Blum RW and Resnick MD, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 6); Kenney JW, Reinholtz C and Angelini PJ, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 9); Nagy S, DiClemente R and Adcock AG, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 10); Rainey D, Stevens-Simon C and Kaplan DW, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 11); Roosa MW et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 13); and Stock JL et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 16).
36. Adams JA and East PL, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 3); Butler JR and Burton L, 1990, op. cit. (see reference 5); Esperat MC and Esparza DV, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 7); Fiscella K et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 8); Smith C, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 14); Stevens-Simon C and McAnarney ER, 1994, op. cit. (see reference 15); and Widom CS and Kuhns JB, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 17).
37. Romans SE, Martin JL and Morris EM, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 12).
38. Chandy JM, Blum RW and Resnick MD, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 6); and Widom CS and Kuhns JB, 1996 op. cit. (see reference 17).
39. Romans SE, Martin JL and Morris EM, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 12).
40. Boyer D and Fine D, 1992, op. cit. (see reference 4); Butler JR and Burton L, 1990, op. cit. (see reference 5); Chandy JM, Blum RW and Resnick MD, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 6); Esperat MC and Esparza DV, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 7); Kenney JW, Reinholtz C and Angelini PJ, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 9); Nagy S, DiClemente R and Adcock AG, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 10); Rainey D, Stevens-Simon C and Kaplan DW, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 11); Roosa MW et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 13); Stevens-Simon C and McAnarney ER, 1994, op. cit. (see reference 15); and Stock JL et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 16).
41. Adams JA and East PL, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 3); Fiscella K et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 8); Romans SE, Martin JL and Morris EM, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 12); Smith C, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 14); Widom CS and Kuhns JB, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 17).
42. Adams JA and East PL, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 3).
43. Fiscella K et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 8).
44. Finkelhor D, A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1986.
45. Romans SE, Martin JL and Morris EM, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 12).
46. Smith C, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 14).
47. Widom CS and Kuhns JB, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 17).
48. Roosa MW et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 13).
49. Butler JR and Burton L, 1990, op. cit. (see reference 5).
50. Rainey D, Stevens-Simon C and Kaplan DW, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 11).
51. Adams JA and East PL, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 3); Fiscella K et al., 1998, op. cit. (see reference 8); Nagy S, DiClemente R and Adcock AG, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 10); and Stock JL et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 16).
52. Roosa MW et al., 1997, op. cit. (see reference 13).
53. Kenney JW, Reinholtz C and Angelini PJ, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 9).
54. Loftus EF, Polonsky S and Fullilove MT, Memories of childhood sexual abuse, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1994, 18(1):67-84.
55. Adams JA and East PL, 1999, op. cit. (see reference 3).
56. Chandy JM, Blum RW and Resnick MD, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 6).
57. Esperat MC and Esparza DV, 1997, op. cit. (see reference 7).
58. Rainey D, Stevens-Simon C and Kaplan DW, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 11).
59. Smith C, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 14).