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Contraception

Variation in three pregnancy attitude measures and changes from 2019–2020 to 2022–2023 in Arizona, New Jersey, and Wisconsin

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Authors

Alice F. Cartwright, Guttmacher Institute Rubina Hussain, Guttmacher Institute Lauren Mitchell, Guttmacher Institute Megan L. Kavanaugh, Guttmacher Institute

Objectives

This study aimed to assess variation in three measures of pregnancy and childbearing attitudes across sociodemographic characteristics and over time.

Study design

We used Survey of Women data from Arizona, New Jersey, and Wisconsin to compare responses between single-item measures of wanting to avoid pregnancy and childbearing and the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy (DAP) scale, as well as across two time points (2019–2020 and 2022–2023).

Results

The three measures were consistent across age and race/ethnicity categories, while the DAP scale reflected differences by financial status. There was an increase in the proportion of respondents who wanted to avoid childbearing (79% [95% CI 78%–81%] vs 82% [95% CI 81%–84%]) and in mean DAP scores (2.51 [95% CI 2.46–2.55] vs 2.62 [95% CI 2.58–2.67]) over time.

Conclusions

The ways in which people are asked about their pregnancy attitudes may yield different results.

Implications

Health professionals and researchers should consider using multiple items to measure pregnancy attitudes, understanding that variations may reflect the composition and social location of their samples.
 
Read the full study here.

First published on Contraception: August 19, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2025.111182
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Topic

United States

  • Pregnancy

Geography

  • Northern America: United States
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