Purpose
This study examined whether formal sex education is associated with sexual health behaviors and outcomes using recent nationally representative survey data.
Methods
Data used were from 4,691 male and female individuals aged 15-24 from the 2006-08 National Survey of Family Growth. Weighted bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted by gender, estimating the associations of sex education by type (only abstinence, abstinence and birth control, or neither) before first sexual intercourse, and sexual behaviors and outcomes.
Results
Receipt of sex education, regardless of type, was associated with delays in first sex for both genders, as compared to receiving no sex education. Respondents receiving instruction about
abstinence and birth control were significantly more likely at first sex to use any contraception (odds ratio [OR] = 1.73, females; OR=1.91, males) or a condom (OR=1.69, females; OR=1.90,
males), and less likely to have an age-discrepant partner (OR=.67, females; OR=.48, males). Receipt of only abstinence education was not statistically distinguishable in most models from
receipt of either both or neither topics. Among female subjects, condom use at first sex was significantly more likely among those receiving instruction in both topics as compared with only
abstinence education. The associations between sex education and all longer-term outcomes were mediated by older age at first sex.
Conclusions
Sex education about abstinence and birth control was associated with healthier sexual behaviors and outcomes as compared to no instruction. The protective influence of sex education is not
limited to if or when to have sex, but extend to issues of contraception, partner selection, and reproductive health outcomes.